Effects of Mass Media Worksheet Essay

What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the 20th century?| The major developments in the evolution of mass media during the 20th century included the radio, television, and communication gadgetry, such as personal computers, cable TV, DVDs, DVRs, direct broadcast satellites, fax machines, cell phones, smartphones, and PDAs.For a large part of the 20th century, televisions and radios where stationary devices. More recently, devices such as, laptops, ipads, and smartphones allow people to view magazine articles, radio programs, songs, TV shows, and movies, from almost any location they want. On the Internet, multiple images, texts, and sounds are digitally reproduced and transmitted globally. These devices are constantly being update to provide consumers with the newest technologies possible. The Internet and social media, such as Facebook and e-mail are other large developments in the evolution of mass media. In fact, Facebook alone has more than 500 million users worldwide. Social media allows people from all over the world to connect through ongoing online conversations, share stories and interests, and to produce their own media content. This also gives people the choice to upload photos and homemade videos, and share them with others around the world.The media convergence has allowed media marketers to consolidate multiple media services such as, cable connections, phone services, television transmissions, and Internet access, under one corporate umbrella. For example, when a company owns more than on media outlet they can have a reporter or producer to create multiple different versions of the same story for multiple media outlets. This helps companies to manage resources and maximize profits. How did each development influence American culture?| The rapid development of cable television and the Internet have caused traditional leaders in communication to lose some of their control o ver information. For example, ABC, CBS, and NBC lost some of their audience to other networks, like MTV, CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, Comedy Central, and radio talk shows. Internet Bloggers have become a large factor in the news as well because blogging allows anyone to speak  their mind at any time. The Internet and social media are changing the ways in which we absorb and interact with the media culture. Sending letters through the mail has, to some, become a thing of the past, as e-mail has become the quickest way to send communication to one person or a group of people in a matter of seconds. In addition, several repressive and totalitarian regimes have had difficulties with controlling messages sent through the borderless Internet.Along with these types of developments, we have also seen differences in the types of content that is put on news shows, television shows, video games, radio shows, and the Internet. From personal problems to dangerous stunts, this type of content has consumers worried about the overwhelming amount of information now available. Research indicates that there is a connection between aggression in children and violent games and entertainment shows. According to Campbell (2012), â€Å"children, who watch nearly forty thousand TV commercials each year, are particularly vulnerable to marketers selling junk, food, toys, and â€Å"cool† clothing†. The evolution of mass media has come a long way, but it plays a controversial role in society. | Resource Campbell, R., Martin, C.R., & Fabos, B (2012) Media & culture: An introduction to mass communication (8th.) New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Ethnic Autobiography About Self

A Rasin in the Sun Act II, Scene I Later on the same Saturday, Beneatha emerges from her room cloaked in the Nigerian clothes that Asagai has brought her. She dances around the apartment, claiming to be performing a tribal dance while shouting â€Å"OCOMOGOSIAY† and singing. Ruth finds Beneatha’s pageantry silly and questions her about it. Meanwhile, Walter returns home drunk. He sees Beneatha all dressed up and acts out some made-up tribal rituals with her, at one point standing on a table and pronouncing himself â€Å"Flaming Spear. † Ruth looks on wearily. George Murchison arrives to pick up Beneatha.Beneatha removes her headdress to reveal that she has cut off most of her hair, leaving only an unstraightened afro. Everyone is shocked, amazed, and slightly disappointed with Beneatha, prompting a fierce discussion between Beneatha and George about the importance of their African heritage. Beneatha goes to change for the theater, and Walter talks to George about business plans. George does not seem interested. Walter then becomes belligerent as he makes fun of George’s white shoes. Embarrassed, Ruth explains that the white shoes are part of the â€Å"college style. George obviously looks down on Walter—calling him â€Å"Prometheus†Ã¢â‚¬â€and Walter gets even angrier at him. George and Beneatha finally leave, and Ruth and Walter then begin to fight about Walter going out, spending money, and interacting with people like Willy Harris. They do begin to make up, though, by acknowledging that a great distance has grown between them. Mama comes home and announces that she has put a down payment on a house with some of the insurance money. Ruth is elated to hear this news because she too dreams of moving out of their current apartment and into a more respectable home.Meanwhile, Walter is noticeably upset because he wants to put all the money into the liquor store venture. They all become worried when they hear that the hous e is in Clybourne Park, an entirely white neighborhood. Mama asks for their understanding—it was the only house that they could afford. She feels she needs to buy the house to hold the family together. Ruth regains her pleasure and rejoices, but Walter feels betrayed, his dream swept under the table. Walter makes Mama feel guilty, saying that she has crushed his dream. He goes quickly to his bedroom, and Mama remains sitting and worrying.Act II, Scenes II On a Friday night a few weeks later, Beneatha and George return from a date. The Youngers’ apartment is full of moving boxes. George wants to kiss Beneatha, but she does not want to kiss. Rather, she wants to engage George in a conversation about the plight of African-Americans. It seems that George wants to marry a â€Å"nice . . . simple . . . sophisticated girl. † Mama comes in as Beneatha kicks him out. Mama asks if she had a good time with George, and Beneatha tells her that George is a â€Å"fool. † Mama replies, â€Å"I guess you better not waste your time with no fools. Beneatha appreciates her mother’s support. Mrs. Johnson—the Youngers’ neighbor—visits. Mama and Ruth offer her food and drink, and she gladly accepts. She has come to visit to tell them about a black family who has been bombed out of their home in a white neighborhood. She is generally insensitive and unable to speak in a civil manner. She predicts that the Youngers will also be scared out of the all-white neighborhood once they move in and insults much of the family by calling them a â€Å"proud-acting bunch of colored folks. † She then quotes Booker T. Washington, a famous African-American thinker and assimilationist.A frustrated and angered Mama retaliates by calling him a â€Å"fool. † Mrs. Johnson leaves the apartment. Walter’s boss calls, telling Ruth that Walter has not been to work in three days. Walter explains that he has been wandering all day (oft en way into the country) and drinking all night (at a bar with a jazz duo that he loves). He says that he feels depressed, despondent, and useless as the man of the family. He feels that his job is no better than a slave’s job. Mama feels guilty for his unhappiness and tells him that she has never done anything to hurt her children.She gives him the remaining $6,500 of the insurance money, telling him to deposit $3,000 for Beneatha’s education and to keep the last $3,500. With this money, Mama says, Walter should become—and should act like he has become—the head of the family. Walter suddenly becomes more confident and energized. He talks to Travis about his plans, saying that he is going to â€Å"make a transaction† that will make them rich. Walter’s excitement builds as he describes his dream of their future house and cars, as well as Travis’s potential college education.

Aircraft Drawings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aircraft Drawings - Essay Example The drawing of Fokker IIV aircraft also has an installation drawing section. Installation section is the last in the working drawing of the aircraft. It provides all the necessary information for a part in its final position in the aircraft. It reveals dimensions for the location of specific parts with reference to useful dimensions in the workshop. In explaining the principle of operation, a schematic diagram is the most suitable. The mechanic installing the aircraft must have a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the symbols and follow the schematic diagram flow. Mechanics should also understand the concept of wiring diagrams in the aircraft drawings. Wiring diagrams show electrical wiring and circuit operations. They have identification codes that applies to all electrical appliances and devices used in an aircraft (Faa, 2001, p. 15). The knowledge of wiring diagrams and schematics is very crucial to technicians mandated to repair and install electricity. Wire charts also the technicians to understand the flow sequence of events. Troubleshooting flow charts and logic flow charts are the categories of charts with distinguished functions. It is imperative for technicians installing and repairing the aircrafts and electrical appliances to learn and understand its

International marketing plan strategy to pentrate new market Research Paper

International marketing plan strategy to pentrate new market - Research Paper Example The present study would cover the aspect of international marketing strategies of Emirates airline in the Indian market. The choice of market assumes significance considering the fact that it is among the fastest growing economies of the globe. The analysis would be done in two parts. The first part would constitute an analysis of the external market environment along with the information about the product and the services being offered by the company. The second section would deal with the market audit and an analysis of the marketing strategies to be employed by the firm in the Indian market. Finally, a set of plausible conclusions and recommendations would be framed on the basis of the analysis conducted in the two sections which would help the firm to establish itself in the lucrative Indian market. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Part A 5 Introduction 5 About the Company 6 Product or Service Analysis 8 Environmental Analysis 8 PESTEL Analysis 8 Summary of Part A 11 Market Audit 11 Analysis of Micro Environment 12 Market Analysis 12 External Analysis 15 Customer Analysis 15 Competitors 15 SWOT Analysis 15 Strengths 15 Weakness 16 Opportunities 16 Threats 16 Preliminary Marketing Strategy 16 Product 16 Price 17 Place 17 Promotions 17 People 18 Process 18 Physical Evidence 18 Conclusion 19 Recommendations 20 References 22 Annexure 25 Part A Introduction The dynamics of international trade and business is changing with time. Globalization is the primary reason behind such changes and this has also brought multiple improvements in the field of international trade and business. The business organizations have become more conscious as competitiveness in the global market has been increasing significantly. Besides, the regulatory bodies of different economies are supporting the free trade policies that also led to intensified degree of competition level. In this respect, Hope and Maeleng have identified the free trade policies as â€Å"c ompetition-enhancing device† as these policies enables companies to enter into new markets with greater opportunities (Hope and Maeleng, 1998, p.52). However, when companies decide to expand their business internationally, they have to take many factors into account for success in the foreign market. There are significant differences between the natures and features of domestic market and international market due to cultural diversity, different macro-environmental factors etc. This paper will attempt to deal with international market planning strategy for Emirates Airlines. The primary aim of this paper is to offer a set of actionable and plausible strategies to Emirates Airlines for Indian airline industry. In order to meet this aim, this paper will present an extensive discussions, analyses and findings based on which a set of relevant and effective recommendations will be formulated. This paper will be presented in two parts. The first part will present a brief analysis of company, its product or service and macro environmental analysis of Indian economy with respect of airline industry. Second part will include strategy formulation for marker entry based on the outcomes of analysis. About the Company Emirates Airlines is the largest air travel service company of the Middle East. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Mr. Flanagan took the initiatives for starting an airline travel services and they founded a company called Emirates

Production and Marketing Department Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Production and Marketing Department - Assignment Example Through quality, the firm would be able to make more sales hence improving their scale of revenue. On the other hand, production department can lower operations cost by being efficient, creativity, good production and good management of resources in the organization. The two organs are in some way find it challenging to come to conscientious as to how they should operate. Production department usually try to find the best quality in order to meet their clients need as much as possible. How the customer expects the product or service to be like or perform is what drives them. Contrary, marketing department operates differently. Maximizing sales in the market in order to increase revenue to the firm is their major concern. Quality is never in their mind, and as long as they are making sales, they feel that they are doing the right thing. Specifications of the products also cause conflict among the two organs. Production section gives their specifications based on what they have produced and designed. With the marketing side aims at maximizing sales of the company, they always try to make specification appealing to the customers which may not always be the case. This becomes a challenge to the management since they need to close the gap to avoid it affecting reputation of the company. Perceived and actual quality should not have a huge gap between them. Marketing segment gives promises to the customers explaining how good and effective the product is. If it performs below the target, it always lays its finger in production unit for making them overstate the product’s performance, creating further conflict. In conclusion, organizations achievements are based on how they operate. It is important to have production and marketing department working together to avoid challenges explained above. If each unit does only its core role, conflicts are bound to arise.

Theory of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory of Knowledge - Essay Example An inference to the proven theory is necessary, as it can be used for rectifying the problems in future. Existing knowledge pertains to the unique characteristics of the logic. Knowledge has various instances using which they can be developed. Mathematics and Science are two fields which require proper explanation. Still there exists a doubt whether mathematics is invented or discovered. This needs clear description of mathematical concepts. Discovery is the introduction of a concept which already exists. Invention is finding a theory that does not exist. Bringing a particular concept into existence is known as invention. Mathematical concepts do not depend on a person's belief. It is composed of pure logic and its definition. Each statement needs a proof to make others believe.(Parker 1996). As mathematics is mostly based on theorems, each of them requires a separate logic to prove that the theorem is true. There are specific ideas behind every invention. The process of implying these ideas in the real world concepts play a vital role. Some people believe that mathematics is a discovery. They rely on this by means of Plato. It is a theory that says structures are used to build mathematics. Mathematicians find out the sol ution by using the internal logic. Mathematics comprises statements which are either true or false. Hence this value helps in the further development. The state of mathematics depends on people's perception. Some people think it as an abstraction of the people who derive the formula and its usage. Mathematics is composed of formula using which each concept is described. Each of these concepts has its own theorems and methods to solve a given problem. The aspect defines logic and its evolution. The concepts have some connection with physics. As physics is composed of equations, mathematics helps in solving them. (Piscopo 2009). Mathematics was already in existence. Mathematicians discovered it and its components. There are different qualities which make up mathematics. The person working on it should possess the ability to make use of the existing qualities to find a solution. In the beginning, mathematics was not represented properly. After some decades, numbers were used to represent them. With the use of special symbols the process was made easier, as people found it suitable to be implemented. This seemed to be efficient than the methods that was followed earlier. Humans invented the way to use mathematics and his abilities to improve it took it to a great extent. Mathematics is considered to be tool, using which the calculations are described. It depends on the mathematicians, people believed whatever a mathematician discovered. It is seen as a model, in some case, where this model is used as a base for other concepts to be created. (Faitonah 2008). The debate of whether mathematics was invented or discovered is still going on. Mathematicians have been trying to find an answer for this. There are certain ways to know whether it was invented or discovered. Perception is an important way which differs from person to person. Based on one's perception, the impact of mathematics differs. One person may think mathematics might have been invented, another may think it is discovered. They come to this conclusion, based on their own views and ideas. The way they look at mathematics is different. Here perception acts as a foundation that helps in deciding.

Financial Analysis of General Electric CO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Analysis of General Electric CO - Essay Example GE is investing in cleaner technologies and being recognized for the effort. GE Company is well managed. The data are mostly positive over the years. The company is showing growth in all the areas. It is also low geared and showing positive growth in profitability, liquidity, efficiency measurements. The company seems to be in the maturity phase. Analysts are positive about the growth of the company. So, the company has not topped its potential as yet. Appendix 1. Return on Investment (ROI) = {Profit before taxes (PBIT) / Investment (total assets - current liabilities)} 2006: {24,620 / (697,239 - 220,514)} x 100; 2005: {22,696 / (673,321 - 204,970)} x 100 2. Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross Profit) / Total Revenues) x 100 2006: (89,281 / 163, 391) x 100 ; 2005: (81,142 / 147,956) x 100 3. Return on Equity (ROE) = {Profit after taxes / Shareholder's Equity }x 100 2006: (20,666 / 112,314) x 100 ; 2005: (18,661 / 109,351) x 100 4. Earnings per share (given) 5. Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities 2006: (438,728 - 220,514) ; 2005: (378,269 - 204,970) 6. Current Ratio = Current Assets : Current Liabilities 2006: (438,728 / 220,514) ; 2005: (378,269 / 204,970) 7. Acid Test (or Quick) Ratio = Quick Assets : Current Liabilities (Quick Assets = Current Assets - Equity) 2006: (390,902 / 220,514) ; 2005: (336,121 / 204,970) 8. Total Asset Turnover = Revenue / Total Assets (fixed + current) (times) 2006: (163,391 / 697,239) ; 2005: (147,956 / 673,321) 9. Fixed Asset Turnover = Revenue / Fixed Assets (times) 2006: (163,391 / 258,511) ; 2005: (147,956 / 295052) 10. Cash Turnover Ratio = Total Revenues / Cash Balance s (times) (Cash Balances = Cash + Accounts Receivables) 2006: (163,391 / 28,229) ; 2005: (147,956 / 23,676) 11. Gearing ratio = {Total Debt Capital / (Total Debt Capital + Equity ) }x 100 2006: {432,957 / (432,957 + 112,314)}x100 ; 2005: {370,437 /

The Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Contributing to the 2001 Essay

The Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Contributing to the 2001 Crisis in Argentina - Essay Example Argentina underwent structural changes in the 1990’s. In the late 1980’s, Argentina suffered high levels of inflation. Thus, in the 1990’s, the administration of president Menem implemented several reforms to overcome the country’s macroeconomic instability through the Convertibility Plan (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.302). Inflation dropped to single digits, whereas economy remained stable (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.302). Moreover, the country underwent privatization, deregulation, and trade liberalization (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.302). Until the crisis in 1998, Argentina was viewed as a success story and a role model. The currency board was created to conquer inflation and create deflationary expectations among the general populace. As part of the Convertibility Plan, the board was created to enhance confidence among investors, population, and anyone in power to set prices in the Argentinean market (IMF 2003, p.4). To stabilize the economy, the board pegged the Argentine peso to the US dollar at 1:1 (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.307). Moreover, it linked the supply of pesos to the quantity of US dollars held in Central Bank reserves (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.307). Money supply depended on the US dollar reserves. Since the Argentinean peso was pegged 1:1 to the US dollar, the money supply was determined in the same way. For example, assume there was only one dollar in the Central Bank’s reserves. Then the money supply would be one Argentinean peso times the money multiplier. Now assume that an additional dollar is bought by the Central Bank and put in reserves. This increase in reserves translates into an increase in money supply. Namely, one additional peso is put into circulation. However, this is not the end of the analysis. In every economy, a stock of value changes hands several times within a given time period. Thus, this additional peso needs to also be multiplied by the money multiplier. This relationship is described in equation (1) below, where is money supply, is monetary base and is the money multiplier (Gokbudak 1995, p.111). (1) Money multiplier, in return, is determined by the required reserve ratio (Rodriguez – Boetsch 2005, p.308). This definition can be seen in equation (2), where is the money multiplier, and is the required reserve ratio determined by the Central Bank. (2) The board eliminated previously available options. Monetary policy was no longer an option. Under a floating regime, the central bank can sell or buy securities and so through open market operations control the interest rate, which in turn determines the cost of money and can offset inflation. Since this policy was not an option, only fiscal policy remained. The labor market also needed to become flexible in order to absorb some of the possible shocks (IMF 2003, p.8, 26). However, with 70 percent of federal budget going to social security and provinces, little maneuve ring space was left for the fiscal policy (IMF 2003, p. 13). There are several causes of the crisis. The IMF (2003) considers this crisis to have been caused by the interaction between fiscal policy and the currency board arrangement. The crisis is also seen as an outgrowth of fragile balance sheets in the undeveloped banking sector and lack of political strength to implement a reform. Public sector debt is seen as a trigger which, coupled with previous history of economic slumps, led to the above causes (IMF 2003, p. 4). Following

Mental Health Practice Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Mental Health Practice Development - Essay Example Within the healthcare practice, critical reflection has been highlighted as a significant and important skill in helping to achieve the necessary standards of professionalism among nurses and midwives (NMC, 2004).   It has also become an important approach in increasing the coverage of continuing health education, work-based learning, as well as life-long education (NMC, 2004).   Due to the increased focus on professional practice as well as education, it has become important to evaluate the reflective practice based on more practical applications, in this case, within the mental health setting.   Dewey (1933) from the very start has identified how reflection is a specialised thinking exercise.   It is an act which can come about due to doubt and hesitation relating to a situation or phenomenon.   Such a situation can also trigger inquiry and problem resolution.   Reflective practice veers individuals away from routine actions, instead, prompting more reflective and thoug htful action.   Such conceptualization begins with experience, highlighting how individuals and practitioners learn by doing and also by practice (Dewey, 1933).   In this case, problems are thought out first, hypotheses are formulated and errors are resolved and prevented with the use of plan actions, as well as the testing out of ideas.   It utilises two themes based on the modules completed, with a focus on change management and clinical leadership. The Gibbs reflective model will be used for this critical reflection (Fook and Gardner, 2007). This reflective cycle is useful in making an individual evaluate all the phases on an experience or activity. In this case, the stages of Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, and Action Plan shall be used as part of this model. This model has been chosen over other models because it includes more detailed elements of the reflective process (Fook and Gardner, 2007). Such details would help me present how I was able to improve my leadership ability through the modules I have gone through. This critical reflective piece demonstrates the application of different theory models of leadership and change. This reflection would also be critical about my actions and decisions in the process of completing this MSc course. An assessment of this experience, with its challenges is a necessary

The U.S. Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The U.S. Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The U.S criminal justice system has evolved as an assortment of various structures and components which operate independently. Like the systems in other countries, the U.S criminal justice is an interaction of three major components; the law enforcement agencies, the court systems and the correctional system (Carlson and Garrett, 2006). Each of the systems operates as an independent entity with little association among the various agencies. The American system majorly owes its roots from the England during the colonization era. During the colonial era, issues of crime were majorly handled by vigilante groups and private citizens. In absence of a governing system with regard to administration of justice, the British colonialists introduced several English legal traditions in America without replacing the private system and the customs adapted from other parts of the world. However, this informal system became obsolete due to the increasing population and urban growth paving way for el ites under the premise of enlightenment to challenge the existing criminal justice system which was primarily based on capital punishment and torture among other inhumane acts. In the wake of the enlightenment era, there was a move towards a more defined system with written rules and punishment. The central dogma for the justice system advocated by the enlightenment group was the need to have a system which would make people more aware of illegal actions and their respective consequences.   There was also need for equality and uniformity to be applied in the administration of justice. The American Revolution set the stage for the U.S to establish its own criminal justice system free from interference by the British. A rapid transformation of the criminal justice system was witnessed in the nineteenth century marked by increase in urban law enforcers and correctional system. However, the increased level of crime despite the transformations paved way for professionalism in the crimi nal justice system in an effort to understand the root causes of crime and effective control measures (Matthews et al, 2007). The increased professionalism led to implementation of more effective policies and processes in the justice system. This led to heightened efforts in empowering the various law enforcement agencies, courts and correctional systems at federal, state and county levels. As a result, the U.S system has remained as a complex assortment of highly fragmented organizations which interact with each other indifferent ways. Though there have been calls for transformation of the U.S criminal justice towards a unified system, such efforts have been met with opposition from various stakeholders like politicians and other beneficiaries hence majority of the states have retained the fragmented system.

Small Package Delivery Industry Essay Example for Free

Small Package Delivery Industry Essay The small package express delivery industry is a complex competitive environment. The â€Å"Porter’s five forces† combined give the competing companies the possibility to make profits with a low risk of entry and a weak bargaining power of suppliers. The intense rivalry between them and the strong bargaining power of buyers has a negative impact over the prices, which can lower the companies’ revenues. The most interesting thing about this case was the struggle of the global delivery company DHL, to enter the United States market. It was interesting to see how a big company could spend an enormous amount of money to purchase all the equipment necessary for a distribution system, and yet not being able to succeed in gaining the market share. Risk of entry by potential competitors In the small package express delivery industry the barriers to entry are high which makes the risk of entry by potential competitors a weak force. The economies of scale in this industry are attained by only three companies, FedEx, UPS and DHL. They developed complex air and ground delivery networks, which are expensive to establish for new entrants; this gives the leading firms an absolute cost advantage in the industry. DHL, a huge name in the European delivery market, is an example of failure in this aspect. After buying Airborne Express for $1 billion and spending $1. 5 billion upgrading it, DHL was forced to get out of the market because of the losses it encountered during 5 years of struggling. Following this event the, North American express delivery industry became dominated by FedEx and UPS. One major element of the barriers to entry is the government regulations. Federal Express waited three years to get the right to fly planes from Memphis to Tokyo, and it got restricted to only 70 lbs per package. Tough government regulations make it difficult for new companies to enter the industry or in different markets, and it can increase the costs of operations as well. When the force of risk of entry of potential competitors is weak, the profitability of the companies that are already competing within the industry increase. Rivalry among established companies The rivalry among established companies is very strong in the small package express industry. The industry is consolidated, dominated by three large companies, FedEx and UPS in the US and DHL in Europe, which are interdependent. Consolidated industry increase rivalry among established firms because one company’s competitive action, such as a change in price, directly affect the market share of its rivals. This can lead to price war, which means that one company follows suit when the other companies lowers the prices. In 1983, UPS offered next-day air service at half a price of its competitors. In order to keep up, Federal Express followed and cut the prices to match UPS prices. This lead to a price war among competitors, which diminished profitability of the companies competing in this consolidated industry. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in this industry is a strong force. When the buyers purchase in large quantities, they are able to bargain and reduce the prices. An example discussed in the case is Xerox, which negotiated a lower price for express delivery of its products because of the high volume of the orders and was able to get as much as 60% discounts. The strong force of bargaining power of buyers in the small packages express delivery industry leads to lower prices and less profitability. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers in the small package express industry is weak. One example discussed in the case is the acquisition of the retail stores Mail Boxes Etc by UPS, which allowed UPS to have a direct contact with the consumers who needed its services. Another example is the Federal Express purchase of Flying Tigers, an international supplier with which Federal Express was working with at that time. This allowed the package express company to reduce the cost of its operations and build a global air express network. By eliminating the direct suppliers with the vertically integrated strategy, the company gains more profits and control. This weak force in the bargaining power of suppliers allow for greater profits for the companies operating within the industry. Substitute products The threats of substitutes in the small package express delivery industry within US and global market is neutral. The evolution of technology over the past few decades has produced several substitute products to small package delivery. The first substitute that was introduces was the fax machines, which made the transfer of documents easier and faster. The internet, a big substitute of the document delivery via email, but it also created online shopping which led to increased demand of the small package delivery industry. This gave the industry the opportunity to gain additional profits and replace the profits lost through the innovation of the fax and email. Conclusions and recommendations In the small package delivery industry, the established companies will continue to play an important role within the industry and their profits will increase, because of the weak bargaining power of suppliers and the high barriers of entry by potential competitors. In a consolidated industry like the one presented in this case, the strong rivalry among established companies and the strong bargaining power of the buyers can lead to profitability losses.

Local Community Participation In Eco Tourism

Local Community Participation In Eco Tourism Many factors play a big role in determining community participation in ecotourism planning initiatives. In addition community participation differ in their needs, 2.8.1 Social benefits The theoretical roots of social benefits of community participation in eco-tourism are date back to the social exchange theory. The social exchange theory assumes that social relations involve exchange of resources among groups seeking mutual benefits from exchange relationships. The central idea of social exchange theory is that the exchange of social and material resources is a fundamental determinant of human interaction. Research on residents reactions to tourism development based on the theoretical constructs of the Social Exchange Theory has examined the relationship between and among the perception of the benefits, costs, impacts, and support for tourism (Gursoy et. al.2002, Lindberg Johnson 1997, Jurowski et al. 1997). The present study is focusing on two social benefits of community participation named by awareness of changing way of life and satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture. As a study by Hunter and Green, (1995) defined Interaction between cultures and hosting visitors may lead to a decline in the local culture, therefore, it may lead to the neglect of the local population of their heritage and tradition of tourists, especially young people. This concept is recognized as a demonstration where the local population to modify their behavior and aspirations and by following the example of tourists. Therefore Shaw and Williams (1994), emphasized the social benefits that influence a positive impact on society, particularly those who seek to improve education and standard of living or to seek equality between the genders, demonstration effect and usually occurs among young people the host population. The consequence of this effect is the conflicts within the community among young people modern and the elder traditional. According to Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in (1996), tourism may offer employment to host residents, presenting women and youths the opportunity to earn a wage, which before was not possible, this may also cause conflict within homes, where the incomes of women or the youths may empower them, allowing them to challenge their traditional roles at home and in society. The challenging of traditional roles will also lead to changes in the culture. Concealed pre-existing divisions between communities members may be enhanced as certain individuals may benefit from tourism while others could be excluded from participating. As tourism develops there may be many economic potentials, where the first to capitalize may be quick to dominate the market. This may erupt in issues of fairness, jealousy and resentment within the community. However, in recent years social and cultural aspects have become increasingly important in the sustainable tourism debate, especially in the context of developing countries where poverty is a widespread problem (Strasdas, 2005). Garrod (2003) identified Social aspect to the ability of the local community to determ ine the social impacts of ecotourism development. Social empowerment will result in ecotourism making a contribution to the social cohesion and integrity of the local community, rather than detracting from it. it is most likely to be found in those communities where part of the net returns from ecotourism are recycled back into the local community in the form of investment in local infrastructure of the founding of social projects. According to Pongponrat Pongquan (2007) that social relations and interactions within the community became stronger among various stakeholders involved in this fair. In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Even though the idea of ecotourism already contains social and cultural compatibility as well as the generation of benefits to local people as important elements, the focus is more on nature conservation. Awareness of changing way of life Tanya , Piyaphan and Suwipa ( 2009) conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, within responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand, the authors investigate relationship between awareness of changing way of life level of community participation the authors fund the result of Attraction of culture and way of life satisfied, In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. A study conducted by Assefa and Olav (2005) to examine the local peoples participation in the management and development of ecotourism projects in the Adwa district, Northern Ethiopia, the authors investigate the relationship between awareness of impacts of tourism on local life level of community participation, the authors found a negative relationship, arguing that people are more aware of the negative effects on their life and their culture of tourism more than what is on the natural environment. Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in (1996), believed that the challenging of traditional roles will also lead to changes in the culture. Therefore, Hunter and Green, (1995) refers Interaction between cultures and hosting visitors may lead to a decline in the local culture, therefore, it may lead to the neglect of the local population of their heritage and tradition of tourists, especially young people. Satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture Tanya Promburom, et.al 2009 conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, within responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand the authors investigate the relationship between promote their culture and level of community participation the authors fund the result high percentage of the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could promote their culture. (2009) recent study found that the level of participation is high, namely the relationship is significantly related between level of community participation and preservation of culture, and this study conducted by Hasnol, to interpret and develop the indicators for success of local community participation and ecotourism sites in Sabah, the author investigated the relationship between level of community participation and preservation of culture. Pongponrat and Pongquan, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors investigate the relationship between satisfaction level of promoting local traditional and culture among all factors- level of community participation in all phases, the authors found relationship between this factor implementation phase to be associates with the intensity of peoples participation in this stage. According to Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009), visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their suppo rt on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Economic benefits The social exchange theory is widely used for theorizing the economic benefits of community participation in eco-tourism. The social exchange theory argues that tourism development comes with economic benefits (Claiborne, 2010). The present study is focusing on three benefits of community participation on eco-tourism named by household income, creating employment opportunities, and creating investment input. Wang and Tong (2009) emphasizes that the economic Aspects of vulnerability in improving the standard of living of the local population, and income from eco-tourism should not be used only to protect the ecological environment but also benefit the local population. Aref and Maarof (2008) defined that the community participation in tourism development is necessary if they are to provide equitable distribution of benefits of local economic. Therefore the concept of community participation is regarded as a tool to assist in ecotourism and local economic development in rural communities (Sebola and Fourie, 2006). Brandon (1993) highlights the fact that many ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. However, it is significant that only a handful of such projects have opened up the decision making process by which the scale and distribution of these economic benefits are determined to local people. According to Brandon (1993), ecotourism projects that generate a lot of economic benefits to the community, however, these projects have opened the process of decision-making and distribution of these economic benefits to the local population. Brandon (1993) refers the linkage between economic benefits and conservation can be made more direct. One way of doing this is to ensure that any access fees that are changed are channelled directly into efforts concerned with the management of ecotourism activity and the conservation of its resource base. A good example where this already takes place is in the management of whale shark tourism in the Ningaloo Marine Park in Western Australia (Davis and Tisedell, 1998). Whale shark tourism began in the 1980s and, while the initial volume of visits was relatively small, the industry grew so rapidly that by the mid-1990s deep concerns were being expressed about the adverse impacts of tourism on the whale shark population. In a study by Garrod (20 02) involving the use of the Delphi technique to gather expert opinion on how ecotourism might best be defined, the principle that locals should benefit in economic terms from ecotourism was included in over 81 per cent of the final selection of definitions. In contrast, the principle that local people should participate in the decision-making processes through which the scale and distribution of those economic benefits are determined was included in only 27 per cent of the final selection of definitions. Butler (1999) refers that, tourism is an industry generating rapid growth of capital flows to the destination location. Diversified economies are more vulnerable to the integration of tourism in their economy, compared to the least developed (single or double-export) economies, where the effects can be severe and unexpected. Key issues relevant to the local economy and employment, and the quantity of local goods and services used to run the tourism. Lea, (1988) emphasizes that the employment provided to local communities are less skilled and lower wage earning jobs, such as cleaners, bartenders, waiters, and transport operators, cooks and this impacts negatively on society and the local population feel they are not benefiting from tourism. Lockhart and Drakakis-Smith (1997) are often imported from outside the community, such as managers and workers in two languages. Tour operators usually import skilled labour because they do not have to invest in the training of the local population. Moreover, employment in the tourism industry, seasonal, and therefore may not be secure income. As a study by Fennell (1999) emphasized import that substitute labour and/or goods cause leakage in economic benefits to the host economy. Mowforth and Munt (1998) considered that the real estate market in the destination location is a driving force for the growth of the tourism industry and as a tool to enable investors to Earth has lifted the market value of land by purchase from the local population and development. The local population profit from the sale of land in the beginning, but in the long term, they recognize the sovereignty of the new owners of the land and therefore the new owners of the land access to energy in the development process. Archer and Cooper (1998) believe investment in tourism infrastructure that could benefit the community through improvements in telecommunications networks, roads and ports. This may allow for other economic opportunities for the local area. Household income Hoque and Itohara. (2008), conducted a study to know the present status of rural womens participation and decision making role in economic activities in Bangladesh, the author found relationship between household income among others- and level of participation in decision making phase, contribution of womens personal income on their role in family decision making they are being capable to contribute in household income which is improving their status in the family even some cases they are playing active role in taking decision regarding some family issues. Thus it is proved that due to participation in EAs women in the rural areas are contributing in household income that has also improved their role in family decision making than before. Ye Zhang (2010) conducted a study to investigate the preferences of residents in the Midwestern United States on how they would like to be involved in tourism planning and development, and the personal factors that influenced their preferences, the author fund people who preferred spontaneous participation had higher household income than those who preferred induced participation. Robert S. Pomeroya, Enrique G. Oracionb, Richard B. Pollnacc, Demberge A. Caballes 2005 conducted a study to examines factors influencing the sustainability of ICM projects in the Philippines, specifically, the study focused on two locations in the country, Bais Bay area of Negros Oriental Province and Mabini-Tingloy (known as Anilao), the author investigate relationship between household income and level of community participation this relationship positive relate. Tanya Promburom, Piyaphan Klunklin and Suwipa Champawalaya 2009 conducted a study to investigate the need and readiness of community in managing community-based ecotourism; and to gather and assemble local knowledge to develop guideline for community-based ecotourism management The Hmong and Karen stakeholders from 14 villages of Mae Wang and Mae Chaem district, Chiang Mai Province, with in responsible area of the Mae Hae Royal Project Development Station, were involved in this study Northern Thailand the authors investigate the relationship between promote their culture level of community participation the authors fund the result high percentage of the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could generate additional income, promote their culture, and improve infrastructure. Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors found relationship between household income among others- and level of local community participation in all phases and specifically in decision making and implementation phases, this mean that local people who had relatively better- off income tended to participant intensively, this implies that these people had more time to be involved in planning activities than those in the low income category, who are busy earning their living and contributed less time in planning and implementation activities. Brandon (1993) believed that the ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. However, it is significant that only a handful of such projects have opened up the decision making process by which the scale and distribution of these economic benefits are determined to local people. Creating employment opportunities Robert S. Pomeroya, Enrique G. Oracionb, Richard B. Pollnacc, Demberge A. Caballes 2005 conducted a study to examine factors influencing the sustainability of ICM projects in the Philippines specifically, the study focused on two locations in the country, Bais Bay area of Negros Oriental Province and Mabini-Tingloy (known as Anilao), the authors investigate relationship between the employment opportunities and level of community participation the authors fund this relationship positive relate. Liu Tao, Xu Fuying, 2005 conducted a study to summarize the community participation model of rural tourism, and then analyzes the benefit appeals and the contradictories of main stakeholders of community participation in rural tourism from the following five aspects: government, community collective agency, community resident, rural tourism enterprises and rural tourists in China, the authors argued local government hopes creating more employment opportunities, driving the development of relate d industries, promoting the current new rural construction, and enhancing the popularity of the destination and so on through the development of rural tourism. Assefa T. Olav Oyhus A. 2005, conducted a study to examine the local peoples participation in the management and development of ecotourism projects in the Adwa district, Northern Ethiopia, the authors investigate the relationship between employment opportunities level of community participation the authors fund the relationship positive relate, argued that the majority of the population can be sober beneficiaries of job opportunities and get a direct benefit and that members of society must be sober-the direct beneficiaries. Denman, (2001) conducted a study to identify some general principles, and highlight some practical considerations for community-based ecotourism, the author investigated the relationship between creating employment opportunities and level of community participation, the author found that variable increas e from degree of community participation. Lea, (1988) emphasizes that the employment provided to local communities are less skilled and lower wage earning jobs, such as cleaners, bartenders, waiters, and transport operators, cooks and this impacts negatively on society and the local population feel they are not benefiting from tourism. Environment benefits Similarly to social and economic benefits, the social exchange theory can be used to theorize the environmental benefits of community participation in tourism such as increasing conservation of local environment and increasing management skills in resources utilization. The theory provides the basis for recognizing people`s need to engage in an interaction process where they seek something of value, be it material, social, or psychological. The present study is focusing on two benefits of community participation on eco-tourism named by increasing conservation of local environment and increasing management skills in resources utilization. The study by Hunter and Green, (1995) to determine the impacts of tourism on the environment, they reported that these impacts are negative and may not always be clear, since it takes a lot of time before it appears. However the consumption of resources, built environment, land use, behavior of tourists and amount of tourism will affect the host destinations environment (Swarbrooke, 1999). According to Hunter and Green (1996), environmental degradation may occur in the form of: Overexploitation of natural resources Biodiversity loss Disruption of species breeding habits Soil erosion land reclamation Soil contamination from waste disposal Coastal and ground water pollution from waste, sewage and oil disposal. Consumption of tourists will increase demand on local natural resources, which in many cases has led to environmental degradation. As the demand for wood for cooking, heating increased in parallel with the increasing number of hikers in mountainous areas. Thus, this demand has led to further deforestation and soil erosion to be so negative impact on the environment and society (Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in, 1996). Miller (1999) noted that land reclamation is often a result of the pressures on coastal areas affects the local environment and population, leading to negatively impact the environment and local residents, particularly mangrove forests are typical targets due to their shallow waters. In addition to they are also the nursery ground for a wide range of marine life and prevent coastal erosion. In addition to local people reported a very high degree of benefit regarding increased management skill in resource utilisation relating to environmental aspects; all other aspects relating to social, and economic benefits were rated at a high level. Likewise, local people were satisfied with the community participation in local tourism development in various social, economic, and environmental aspects (Pongponrat Pongquan, 2007). People reported a very high degree of benefit regarding increased management skill in resource utilisation relating to environmental aspects; all other aspects relating to social, economic and environment benefits were rated at a high level. Knowledge and understanding of the principles and objectives of a participation approach are key factors associated with the intensity of peoples participation leading local people to participate in group meetings, identifying problems and needs and plan for their groups activities (Pantong 1996). In other studies, age, length of membership, favourable attitude towards the group, income, and perceived benefits obtained from the group were found substantially associated with the intensity of their participation (Sirisongkram et al. 1999 and Pattarnarakha 2003). In addition, the willingness to participate in a development activity is another factor to be considered as this will be greater when the people could see immediate benefits to be obtained from a project in which they are going to participate (Gurung 1981:34). Likewise, local people were satisfied with the community participation in local tourism development in various social, economic, and environmental aspects. Setty (1994) and Garrod (2003) identified certain factors inhibiting peoples participation. Those factors comprise self-interest, encouragement provided by local leaders, knowledge and skills, availability of time, resource and materials, interest in welfare of community, costs-benefits of participation, quick results, gender, age, pattern of local internal communication and influence of culture and religion. Garrod (2003) found Social aspect refers to the ability of the local community to determine the social impacts of ecotourism development. Social empowerment will result in ecotourism making a contribution to the social cohesion and integrity of the local community, rather than detracting from it. it is most likely to be found in those communities where part of the net returns from ecotourism are recycled back into the local community in the form of investment in local infrastructure of the founding of social projects. Garrod (2003) Economic aspect refers to the local communitys ability to make and take opportunities for economic development through the development of ecotourism. It may also refer to the local communitys access to the productive resources that are being targeted by ecotourism. A community that is economically empowered is one where incomes are being enhanced and lasting employment is generated, where the economic benefits of ecotourism development are shared equitably among the community as a whole, and where the local community retains access rights to communitys resources base. Conservation of the environment Hassnol (2009) conducted a study to interpret and develop the indicators for success of local community participation and ecotourism sites in Sabah, the author investigated the relationship between level of community participation conservation of the environment the author found that the level of participation is high, namely the relationship is significantly related. Denman (2001) conducted a study to identify some general principles, and highlight some practical considerations for community-based ecotourism the author investigate the relationship between level of community participation and conservation , the author found that conservation enabling the community to influence activity and earn income from tourism namely that relationship significantly relate. Himoonde (2007) conducted a study to examine what local benefits accrue to the community and the level at which they participate in ecotourism, the author investigate the relationship between conservation of environment and le vel of community participation, and found the relationship high and significant. Degree of benefits gained in the increase of management skills in resources utilization Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), conducted a study to explores various aspects of community participation in local tourism development planning on Samui Island in the south of Thailand and identifies factors associated with intensity of participation of local people in the planning process organized by the Nathon community on Samui Island, the authors investigate the relationship between degree of benefits gained in the increase of management skills in resources utilization among all factors- and level of community participation in all phases the authors found relationship between this factor decision making and implementation to be associates with intensity of community participation in this phases and decision making phase in particular Researcher in this factor need to know the response of society to participate in the planning of eco-tourism in a country such as Yemen is one of the third world countries. Abdullah (2008) conducted a study to investigates the problems that affe cted natural resources and local community involvement in management to mitigate such problem in Bangladesh, the author investigate the relationship between management skills resources utilization and level of community participation the findings show relationship significant relate. Sebola (2005) conducted a study to investigate the ecotourism potential of the Maleboho Nature Reserve, and the manner in which such potential may be utilised to benefit the local communities around the nature reserve, the author investigate relationship between management skills and level of community participation, the findings show that relationship significant relate. 2.9 Hypotheses development 2.9.1 Social benefits There are several studies provide empirical evidence of the positive relationship between social benefits and level of community participation in ecotourism (see for example, Shaw and Williams (1994), Strasdas (2005) and Pongponrat Pongquan, (2007) In recent years social and cultural aspects have become increasingly important in the sustainable tourism debate, especially in the context of developing countries where poverty is a widespread problem. Hence, that social relations and interactions within the community became stronger among various stakeholders involved in this fair. In addition, visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. 2.9.1.1 Awareness of changing way of life Theoretically, Michael (2009) argued that tourism development contributes positively towards poverty alleviation and improvement of services, employment and training projects and increase awareness of the changing way of life, which increases in participation by the community. Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009) Believed to change the way of life to attract culture in addition to teaching visitors local traditions and culture which helps the community to get support for the promotion of local culture and maintain in the future and that encourages community participation in tourism. Schulenkorf (2008) argued that there are positive effects of change the way of life and this leads to improvement of general living conditions in communities and increase the quality of life of the people. However, the way of life, are ideally suited to become tourism products because they encompass the features that make a community unique and are experiential in nature (McKercher and Ho 2006). Piyaphan and Suwipa (2009), McKercher and Ho (2006), Schulenkorf (2008). all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between employment opportunities and level of community participation in ecotourism. Thus, it is interesting to reexamine the relationship between Awareness of changing way of life and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen context that differ significantly in its economic, social, and environmental conditions from the countries in which this relationship was tested. This may help improve our understanding of the impact of this factor on level of community participation in ecotourism. Therefore, based on the above argument, the following hypothesis is proposed: H1: there is a positive relationship between Awareness of changing way of life and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen. 2.9.1.2 Promoting local traditional and culture Theoretically, Promburom, et.al 2009 argued that promote culture and traditional the village leaders and villagers had positive attitude toward tourism because it could promote their culture. Piyaphan and Suwipa ( 2009), believed visitors learned local traditions and culture which will help the community to solicit their support on local cultural promotion and preservation in future. Promburom, et al, (2009), Hassnol (2009), Pongponrat. K. Pongquan.S, (2007), all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism. Thus, it is interesting to reexamine the relationship between Promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen context that differ significantly in its economic, social, and environmental conditions from the countries in which this relationship was tested. This may help improve our understanding of the impact of this factor on level of community participation in ecotourism. Therefore, based on the above argument, the following hypothesis is proposed: H2: there is a positive relationship between Promoting local traditional and culture and level of community participation in ecotourism in Yemen. 2.9.2 Economic benefits Brandon (1993), Butler (1999), Sebola and Fourie, (2006), Wang and Tong (2009), all provide empirical support of the positive relationship between economic benefits and level of community participation in ecotourism. It is argued that economic benefits; To get different benefits to improving the standard of living of the local population. Moreover, that many ecotourism projects have adopted the generation of economic benefits for the local community as one of their major aims. In addition ecotourism projects that generate a lot of economic benefits to the community, however, these projects have opened the process of decision-making and distribution of these economic benefits to the local population. As well as tou

Sole proprietorship

Sole proprietorship Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a business owned by a single person. Advantages of the Sole Proprietorship: A. Simplicity B. Autonomy C. Sole Gain D. Single Tax E. Shelter Income Disadvantages of the Sole Proprietorship: A. Limited resources B. Unlimited and Unshared Liability Key Characteristics: A. Liability-Liability is totally the sole proprietors. Meaning that there is no difference between the sole proprietor business and personal assets they are one and if the business fails or the sole proprietor is sued the creditors and litigants can come after both as if they are one. B. Income Taxes-The sole proprietor and the business are taxed as one. C. Longevity or Continuity of the Organization-If the sole proprietor dies the business goes with him. D. Control-The sole proprietor controls everything in the business. He and/or she can do it all their own of hire someone else to do it. E. Profit Retention-The sole proprietor keeps all of the profits F. Convenience of Burden-There are only a few instances when you have to have a register with the state or federal government. When you run a business under a different name then your own or you supply certain things that require licensure. General Partnership: By definition, is when two or more people come together to run a business. Advantages: A. Partners keep all the profit. B. The partnership is free from Federal income tax. C. Partnerships profits or losses pass directly to the partners as personal income for federal tax purposes. D. Partnerships permit pooling of capital, talent and a sharing of risk. Disadvantages: A. The death of a partner may automatically end the partnership-with serious consequences to all concerned. B. Unlimited personal liability of all the partners. Key Characteristics: A. Liability-The partnership has unlimited personal liability. B. Income Taxes-There is no Federal tax for the partnership, but they can claim their profits and their losses on their personal taxes. C. Longevity -The longevity of the business is based on the contract they had drawn up before the business was started in case of buyout and/or Death. D. Control-The control of the business is based on what the partners agree on. E. Profit Retention-All the profits go to the partners. F. Convenience or Burden-The partnership should have a contract drawn up that describes exactly what each partner has contributited to the business, what share of the profits each partner will receive, duration of the partnership and the breaking up and closing of the business in case circumstances arise. If this is done then a partnership would be a good venture. Limited Partnerships: By definition, the limited partnership is at least one limited partner and at least one general partner. Advantages: A. The limited partner can make a profit without much effort. B. If the company fails, the limited partner only losses the amount they had invested. Disadvantages: A. The limited partner has a very limited control in the running of the business. B. It is very hard for the limited partner to get there investment out of a limited partnership. Key Characteristics: A. Liability-The majority of the liability is taken on by the general partners not the limited partners. B. Income Taxes-If the partnership has two or more of the following things then it will be taxed as a corporation; Freely transferable ownership papers Continuing of life Participation of limited partners in management of the business Very limited liability of the limited partner in the debt of the business if it goes bankrupt (All Business, 2010) (All Business, 2010) C. Longevity-The longevity of the limited partnership is based solely on the contracts drawn up. D. Profit retention-The limited partner gets a percentage of the profits. E. Convenience or Burden-The limited partnership is best for the limited partner if they want to use it as an investment tool. C Corporation: By definition, the C corporation means closely held corporation. They are small none traded corporations, usually but not always limited to no more than 30 shareholders. Advantages: A. The closely held corporation is its own legal entity, as long as all the rules and bylaws are followed at the local, state, and/or federal level then there is limited liability. B. Closely held corporations can have benefit health plans, which will be better retirement and health insurance plans then those of non-corporation businesses. C. The health insurance is fully deductible and up to a certain amount of group term life insurance benefits per employee. D. Should a shareholder die or wish to cash out his or her shares, the corporation will still continue. E. It is a lot easier to get investment capital in a corporation then it is in other businesses. F. Employees can be offered stock option plans. Disadvantages: A. Double taxed. Which means after the corporation pays its taxes on the income the corporation makes, the shareholder will be taxed again on the profits they receive from their profits on their shares. B. You must follow the local, state and/or federal laws when it comes to incorporating to the letter. If they are not followed then the shareholders may be held liable for any situation that comes along. C. It costs more to have a corporation than any non-corporation business. D. It takes more time and effort to maintain a corporation then a non-corporation. Key Characteristics: A. Liability -As long as all the local, state and/or federal laws are followed then there is very limited liability. B. Income Taxes-A C-corporation is what is called double taxed. Meaning once the corporation pays the business tax then any profits the shareholders make are then taxed again. C. Longevity -The only way a C-corporation can be dissolved is if it is voted on and agreed to by the shareholders and very careful set of rules are followed. It doesnt matter if a shareholder dies or cashs in their shares the corporation continues. D. Control-A c corporation usually has a president, vice president and secretary-treasurer. Anyone or all of those people control the corporation. E. Profit retention-The closely held corporations profit depends on what percentage of stock each shareholder holds. F. Convenience or Burden-In order to form a c-corporation there has to be different local, state and/or federal law that must be followed and certain things that must be done to incorporate the business. S Corporation: By definition, the S Corporation means Subchapter S Corporation, it comes from the tax code from which it is taxed. An s-corporation is limited to no more than one hundred shareholders. Advantages: A. Since the corporate losses are passed thru to the shareholders, they are able to take is as a loss on their taxes. B. You will have limited personal liability without having to pay high corporate taxes. C. It is a lot easier to get investment capital in a corporation then it is in other businesses. Disadvantages: A. There are a lot of rules to follow and the amount of shareholders is limited. B. It will be costly to set up and follow the rigid set of corporate rules and laws. C. There will be close scrutiny by the I.R.S. D. All shareholders must be U.S. citizens. E. All shareholders must vote for the S corp. F. The corporation cant deduct the benefits like health and or accident insurance. Key Characteristics: A. Liability-the shareholder is only liable for the debts the corporation has up to how much they have invested. Exceptions Include: 1. If the shareholder guarantees a business loan. 2. If it is ruled by the courts that the business is a scam. B. Income Tax-S corporations are corporations that elect to pass corporate income, losses, deductions and credit through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes. Shareholders of S corporations report the flow-through of income and losses on their personal tax returns and are assessed tax at their individual income tax rates. This allows S corporations to avoid double taxation on the corporate income. S corporations are responsible for tax on certain built-in gains and passive income. C. Longevity-The S corporation is a perpetual entity and is not affected by the death of a shareholder. D. Control-The shareholders, the board of directors and the officers of the corporation all control the corporation. E. Profit Retention-In an S corporation all Officers, the Board of Directors and shareholder-employees must be paid a reasonable salary from the corporate earnings. F. Convenience or burden-Many rules and regulations must by follow the corporation, including the number of shareholders. Also, it can be costly to set and follow corporate formalities. LLC By definition, an LLC means Limited Liability Company. It is a business that brings a partnership and a corporation together. Advantages: A. LLCs offer pass-through tax statues similar to that of a partnership. B. Corporations are required to hold meetings and record minutes on those meetings each year; LLCs are not. The amount of paperwork needed to purchase assets, open bank accounts or make changes within the company is also significantly reduced in an LLC. C. LLCs provide owners with a degree of liability protection, such as also provided by a C corporation. Owners of both C Corporations and LLCs are typically not responsible for the debts and liabilities of the business. Disadvantages: A. Many investors will not invest in LLCs, because its a business structure that is not understood. B. LLCs dont have employee stock option plans. C. You cant switch from an LLC to a C or S corporation like you can switch from a C to S corporation. D. Some states dont allow single-member LLCs. Key Characteristics: A. Liability-LLCs are not personally responsible for debts of the business. B. Income tax-LLCs are taxed at the personal level. C. Longevity or continuity of the organization-Operating agreement can require a number to obtain interest beyond transferring interest. D. Control-persons and other legal entities composed of persons (such as trusts and other corporations can have the right to vote or receive dividends once declared by the board of directors. In case of for-profit corporations, these voters hold shares or stock and are thus called shareholders or stockholders. When no stockholders exist, a corporation has members who have the right to vote on its operations. Voting members are not the only members of a â€Å"corporation†. The members of a non-stock corporation are identified in the Articles of incorporation and the titles of the member classes may include â€Å"Trustee,† †Active,† †Associate,† and /or â€Å"Honorary.† However, each of these listed in the Articles of Incorporation are members or the corporation. E. Profit retention-Members share in the profit are proportion to how they invested in the business. F. Convenience or burden-LLCs dont allow single member companies, LLCs arent conducive to employee stock option plans and Investors will not invest in LLCs. (Haus, 2011) (All Business, 2010) (All Business, 2010) (All Business, 2010) (All Business, 2010)

Diabetes Explained Essay example -- Medical Conditions

Special cells in the pancreas produce a hormone called insulin to regulate metabolism. When this hormone is not present glucose cannot enter body cells and blood glucose levels rise. Hyperglycemia may result from this situation. This process is the development of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes, formerly called juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, has two forms; immune-mediated and idiopathic. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of cases in the United States. Research has shown that there is an inherited tendency for developing the disease; it may be triggered by environmental factors (Rosdahl & Kowalski, 2008). It also has an autoimmune component since antibodies to insulin and islet cells are present at the time of diagnosis (p. 1187). Because type 1 diabetes needs to be managed very carefully, are [Delete] carbohydrate counting and a low fat diet [â€Å"are†] the best way [Plural] to make sure that glucose and insulin are available in the right propor tions. When diagnosed the goal is to achieve metabolic stabilization, restore body weight, and relieve symptoms of hyperglycemia. Type 1 diabetics rely heavily on their diet to control their condition. It is just as important as accurately checking their glucose on a regular basis. A person with type 1 diabetes needs to find the right balance of foods [Should not be plural] choices to regulate their diet and control their glucose levels. If this is not achieved [Insert comma] long term complications for diabetes can arise which include; damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Carbohydrate intake must be carefully coordinated with an exercise program and medication, this is imperative so that glucose and insulin are available in the right a... ...i, G. (2011). Short Report: Treatment effects of meals with different glycaemic index on postprandial blood glucose response in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetic Medicine, 227-229. doi:10.1111/.1464-5491.2010.03176.x Rosdahl, C.B., & Kowalski, M.T., (2008). Textbook of Basic Nursing (9th Ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins Scavone, G., Manto, A., Gagliardi, L., Caputo, S., Mancini, L., Zaccardi, F., & Ghirlanda, G. (2010). Effect of carbohydrate counting and medical nutritional therapy on glycaemic control Type 1 diabetic subjects: a pilot study. Diabetic Medicine, Vol. 27, (477-479). doi:10.1111/.1464-5491.2010.02963.x Thornton, H. (2009, June). Type 1 diabetes, part 1: An Introduction. British Journal of School Nursing, Vol. 4, (No 5), 223-227. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database.

Television Quiz Show Scandals of the 1950s Essay -- TV Game Shows

An Examination of Television Quiz Show Scandals of the 1950s One of the greatest captivators of public interest in the 1950s was the emerging quiz game show on television. The public, naively trustful, fell in love with television game shows. People found them to be new, exciting, and similar to the captivating radio quiz shows so popular before television's advent. Some game shows were developed primarily for laughs, while others were played for prizes or large sums of money. These game shows were so popular that at their peak, twenty-two of them were concurrently on the air. They varied in format from the basic question and answer type to the naming of popular musical tunes. Public familiarity with the general structure of the quizzes, coupled with the strikingly high stakes, precipitated extreme interest in these shows, and led to the unbelievable popularity of successful returning contestants (Anderson, 9). Virtually everyone with a television set in their home tuned in weekly to their favorite game shows in the interest of seeing the cont estants, with whom they identified more and more as the weeks went by, succeed in the quiz games. The popularity of quiz games was staggering. In August of 1955 approximately 32 million television sets and 47,560,000 viewers, almost one third of the nation, tuned in to see The $64,000 Question (Anderson, 8). By 1958, no one was laughing anymore. Grabbing the attention of the public even more than the shows themselves were the scandals which emerged around them. The public's naive trust had evolved into suspicious cynicism because it had learned that many of the shows were rigged. As can be imagined, this caused great disgust among viewers. The supposed winners, for whom Americans had ro... ...rd University Press, 1994. "Remarks made during 'Quiz Show and the Future of Television'." Annenberg Washington Program. http://www.annenberg.nwu.edu/pubs/quiz/remarks.htm (3/11/97). "Quiz Show: Television Betrayals Past... and Present?" Annenberg Washington Program. http://www.annenberg.nwu.edu/pubs/quiz/quiz.htm (3/11/97). Stone, J. and T. Yohn. Prime Time and Misdemeanors: Investigating the 1950s TV Quiz Scandal -- A D.A.'s Account. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992. "Television in the 1950s." http://www.fiftiesweb.com/tv50.htm (3/11/97). "Quiz Shows of the 1950s." http://www.fiftiesweb.com/quizshow.htm (7/10/97 [added by PL]) "The Winning Answer." http://www.film.com/filma/reviews/quickrev.idc?REV=965 (3/11/97). Tuchman, Gaye. The TV Establishment: Programming for Power and Profit. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., l971.

Crucial Effect Of The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- History, Nuclear W

Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, tension and problematic situations have arose between the United States and Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Before America helped Cuba fight of the Spanish for their independence, the Americans had strong political and economical affairs within the island (US-Cuba Relations 1). But, since the Cubans created a nation of their own, they blocked the Americans from many freedoms within Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud. The main reason for the crucial effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis comes from the fact that this event was the closest the world has ever been to a nuclear war. In 1962, America was very prepared with their nuclear weapons, being able to attack the Soviet Union with missiles if necessary (Overview of the Crisis 1). But the disadvantage to the Soviets was that their missiles could only be used within Europe. As a result, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing their missile launching centres in Cuba, making their distance from the United States very slim (Overview of the Crisis 1). Since Castro was fearing another American attack, he approved the proposal of placing missiles on his island. By 1962, the Soviets had started placing missiles in Cuba, and that was when the crisis began (Overview of the Crisis 1). On October 15, 1962, photos were taken from American airplanes revealing the missions of the Soviet missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). On Octob er 22, President Kennedy took matters into his own hands by announcing the reveal of missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). He announced his mission to q... ...was a powerful source of the tension that still exists between America and Cuba, but since it remains to separate the two countries from each other, it does not prove as significant as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Therefore, the strength of the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to be the strongest of all events that represent tension between the United States and Cuba. In conclusion, the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to have had a large impact on our world today. Whether it is through the way we consider how we avoided a nuclear war, learnt a lesson of resolution, or compare it’s significance to other events between Cuba and America, this crucial event has shown a significant part in North American and European history. Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud.

Brief In Support Of Defendant’s Motion To Dismiss

On July 2, 2003, John John, the Plaintiff, resigned from his employment at the City of Weirton. Plaintiff declared that he experienced harassment from his colleagues and from the management while working at the City of Weirton. He cited several incidences such as a fellow employee pulling down his pants and shaking his buttocks at him and the frequent summons to the office of the manager for flimsy reasons such as the tardiness of another employee or another person’s absences or being written up for no valid reason at all.As a result, he was forced to resign from employment. Plaintiff alleged that the conduct he experienced from his employer and from his colleagues forced him to resign from his employment even though that was against his will. He filed this suit for wrongful termination. Plaintiff filed this suit at the Brooke County Circuit Court. II. Standard of LawUnder Rule 12 (b) of the West Virginia Civil Rules of Procedure Every defense, in law or fact, to a claim for r elief in any pleading, whether a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, shall be asserted in the responsive pleading thereto if one is required, except that the following defenses may at the option of the pleader be made by motion: (1) lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter, (2) lack of jurisdiction over the person, (3) improper venue, (4) insufficiency of process, (5) insufficiency of service of process, (6) failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, (7) failure to join a party under Rule 19.III. Argument a) The court should grant brief in support of motion to dismiss because the Brooke County Circuit Court is not the proper venue for this suit. The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia has extensively answered the question of venue in a civil action in the United Bank, Inc. v. Blosser, No. 32691. Citing the  § 56-1-1 of the W. Va. Code, the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia stated that: â€Å"a) Any civil action or other procee ding, except where it is otherwise specially provided, may hereafter be brought in the circuit court of any county: (1) Wherein any of the defendants may reside or the cause of action arose†¦Well-settled is the rule in statutory construction that when a statute is clear and unambiguous then there is no room for its interpretation. Its plain meaning should be accepted and applied without the need for interpretation. In this case, the cause of action arose in the Hancock County where the City of Weirton is located. It is there where the act of wrongful termination was committed. There could be no other venue for this wrongful termination suit except in the Hancock County. Venue relates not to jurisdiction but to trial.It touches convenience, not substance. However, the choice of venue for filing civil suits should not be left to the plaintiff’s whim and caprices. Facts such as judicial economy, proper administration of justice and the convenience of the parties must not be taken for granted since they are the reasons for which the rules of procedure and venue were formulated. In this case, since the City of Weirton is located at 200 Municipal Plaza, Weirton, West Virginia which is at Honcock County there could be no other venue except the Hancock County.B) Court should grant brief in support of Motion to Dismiss because the motion to dismiss on the ground of improper venue was timely filed pursuant to the doctrine enunciated in the case of Higgins v. Alpha Burnett (01-801) The Supreme Court of Arkansas in the case of Brenda Higgins v. Alpha Burnett, et al, Opinion delivered June 6, 2002, discussed the importance of filing the defense of improper venue at the earliest opportunity. That case involved an action for fraud and conversion filed against two defendants residing in Lonoke County. The suit was filed in Faulkner County Circuit Court.The defendants filed their answer which was generally in the nature of mere denials. They did not raise any affir mative defense of improper venue nor did they reserve the right to raise this defense. It was only after fourteen months that they filed their motion to dismiss raising as a defense improper venue. The trial court granted the motion and dismissed the suit. In reversing the trial court’s decision, the Supreme Court of Arkansas said that the defense of improper venue had been waived by the defendants when they failed to raise the same at the time they filed their responsive pleading.â€Å"Because appellees did not raise their valid defense of improper venue in the answer, or by motion filed prior to or simultaneously with the answer, we hold that the defense was waived; therefore, the case is reversed and remanded†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ordinarily, the rules of civil procedure must be liberally construed. However, the provisions on period within which to raise certain defenses are strictly applied as they are deemed indispensable to the prevention of needless delays and they are necess ary to the speedy discharge of judicial business. In this case, the defendant has timely filed his defense of improper venue.The motion to dismiss should therefore be granted. IV. Conclusion For the foregoing reasons, defendant respectfully requests that this Court grants defendant’s motion to dismiss this suit for wrongful termination on the ground of improper venue. Following the W. Va. Code  § 56-1-1, the suit shall be filed in the county where the defendant resides or where the cause of action arose which is Hancock County where the City of Weirton is situated. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that the above Brief In Support of Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss was served upon the Plaintiff on August , 200 by mailing a true copy by certified mail to:

Lady Macbeth is the real villain of the play do you agree? Essay

In ‘The Tragedy of Macbeth’, Shakespeare portrays many negative themes through the acts of Lady Macbeth which show the audience that she is a real villain of this play. She holds a malicious agenda and many evil tendencies which separate her from the average individual, but this was only after interpreting the witched prophase. Thus, not only making her the only guilty villain in the play. Lady Macbeth is no more than an incarnation of evil. All of the acts she committed in the play were nothing else but for her selfish wants to gain power of the country and become queen. Her declaration that she would have ‘dash’d the brains out’ of her own baby if she were to become queen proves of her egotistical nature and heartless conscience. When she finds out the prophecies given to Macbeth to become king, she immediately acts to create a plan to murder the innocent and respected King Duncan of Scotland. ‘Unsex me here’: Lady Macbeth is referring to her Feminine nature and she is trying to say â€Å"Take away my feminine nature and take away my feelings so I feel no regret to helping kill King Duncan!†; There can be no sympathy for Lady Macbeth, she meant all that she did and put herself in front of all people around her. The key elements which make Lady Macbeth a villainous human being is her inhumane conscience and lack of compassion for her victims, her deceptiveness and her manipulation. The question of whether a person’s real state of mind is accurately reflected from there outside appearance (False appearances) is a key theme in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is the primary culprit. She, as well as Macbeth show deceptive traits, pretending to be good whilst planning heinous crimes; ‘Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t’: She is telling Macbeth to look innocent, but under his fake appearance he is going to murder King Duncan. This false appearance of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is shown during the dinner feast when Macbeth is shocked to realise that Fleance had escaped and is still alive. Though this false impression exposed by Lady Macbeth had kept her innocence, her effort of burying her guilt is what had driven her mad and ultimately leading to her death; the cost of deception. Macbeth is most responsible for the evil done in the play owing to the fact that his killing of Duncan provokes the other murders and evil in the play. Although Lady Macbeth is a part of the murders that occur in Macbeth, she is not responsible for the evil done in the play. Lady Macbeth is a very cunning, manipulative character. When she hears about the witches’ prophecy of Macbeth becoming the future king of Scotland, she immediately demands Macbeth to murder Duncan so Macbeth could become king. Lady Macbeth successfully persuades him to kill Duncan by questioning his masculinity. Lady Macbeth puts the idea in Macbeth’s mind that he will be a coward if he does not commit the murder. After persuading him, Macbeth finally commits the murder. Thus proving that Macbeth was to weak and fragile to say no. All characters played a convincing and augmenting role which could reline the focus upon them as to who really is to blame. Macbeth was ambition and power greedy driving him to cause dyer tragedies with his wife by his side. The Witches caused nothing but trouble for Macbeth, his belief in them was so high it led to him becoming insecure. These are all the reasons and things that caused the tragic events in the story of Macbeth.

Allowance Essay

â€Å"Please Dad, Can I? † â€Å"No, you can’t. † That is the answer of most parents, when asked by their child if he can have an allowance. Parents believe that allowance makes a child unappreciated money. The truth however, is the opposite. Allowance helps the child turn into a financially secure adult by teaching him money management. Also, because it is their own money, children will feel independent and important. Finally, allowances teach kids that to earn money and succeed as an adult, one has to work hard and be responsible. Parents should give children allowances to help the child prepare for the future. Every parent wants their child to grow up, and become more successful than they were. To do this, the child has to learn to manage money properly, especially nowadays since swiping a card is all it takes to bankrupt oneself. Starting an allowance system will help a young person manage money better. If a child uses up their money for immediate gratification instead of saving it, they might regret it later because they cannot afford something. By learning to save up money the child will be learning to prepare for the future. Allowance help kids learn that spending your own money is different than spending someone else’s. For the same reason, children with allowances can grow up to be independent adults. Because it is their own money they are spending, children will not have to rely on their parents all the time. Instead of asking their parents – which is annoying and even degrading for the child, and irritating for the parents – they are able to use their own money. This makes the child feel important and helps increase their self esteem. When an adult, the child will not borrow too much money from banks or people and obtain a large debt. Instead, the person will learn responsibility and use the money he himself owns. Which leads us to our third reason: allowances teach responsibility and hard work. By earning ones allowance by doing chores and work around the house, a child understands that money does not grow on trees; instead one has to work for it. As an adult this person would work hard at his job to get money. Additionally, the money will not be wasted on unnecessary items because the child knows that there is a limited source. So as one can see, contrary to popular belief, allowances actually make kids appreciate money. For that reason, allowances help children become responsible, independent, and financially secure adults. Essay Topic: Allowances By: Tarim Shahab September 17, 2008 Mrs. de Mestral 7/8-3

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Colleges affiliated with Granola Board. My first school was The Educators High School for Boys Cantonment Plaza Shallot where I have studied till my Matriculation. I passed my matriculation in 2011. I always wanted to study abroad and after a lot of research I choose Australia as my destination for further education, because Australia offers an educational experience that makes a real difference.Australia is a dynamic, vibrant country with energetic, friendly people. Multicultural Australia is English-speaking and a safe and friendly society in which students can learn and travel freely. I choose Sydney because Sydney offers a great lifestyle and high level of safety, making it the number one choice for many international students. Students who choose to study there can be sure they will find the charming combination of a laid-back yet inspirational place to study, learn, and live.I wish to study at the King's Owns Institute of Sydney, because t offers a unique educational experience that fosters self-belief, rewards independent thought and fuels inquiring minds. Business Management provide you with both soft skills such as communication, problem solving and ethical understanding to enable you to work with people, as well as the hard skills associated with particular areas of study, including accounting, computing, economics, finance, law, management, marketing, mathematics, operations and project management.Workplace learning subjects will offer strategic and international perspectives that will prepare you for employment in regional, national and international organizations. After completing my course in Australia I have a lot of opportunities to be availed in Pakistan. I can establish my own business as well as I will devote my services to any reputed or Multinational Organization. I will be skilled enough to work in any Multinational organization as I already have the best communication skills. There is a lot which attracts me to return and render my servic es to any organization or to my family business.I achieved 5. 5 bands, overall in my LILTS test. I virtually have command over English language. English is the Basic need of an international student. I will be working to improve my English language and for that I first applying to PIPE (Australian Institute of Professional Education) in PUPAE-English for Academic Purposes course. Pakistan is my final destination since I have my community and family lives here. I am only allowed to study abroad and then I have to come back and live In Pakistan. I also want that.I have to support my family morally in future. I can't live without my parents and they will be in Pakistan forever. I belong to a rich family. My father runs his own business, and the name of the company is Bolder Sports. He exports motorbike leather and textile garments. My father is my sponsor; he earns a highly stable and healthy income. My father also has real estate properties worth millions to make sure that I should ne ver face any problem. I may work part-time to learn the organizational culture as well and to have Study Study